The Benefits of Yoga And Meditation free essay sample

The Benefits of Yoga and Meditation In today’s environment, many people are suffering with the stress and anxiety of day to day living and are finding themselves unable to cope with life’s little emergencies. Prescription drugs are on the rise due to the increasing need for people to deal with their stress and anxiety. However, many people are searching for ways to be less stressed and live a happy and healthy life without drugs. If stress and anxiety are getting the best of you, then think about grabbing a mat and giving yoga and meditation a spin. With that in mind, this paper will take a look at the benefits of yoga and meditation to create a more peaceful and healthy lifestyle. What is Yoga? Yoga is a centuries-old Eastern philosophy but what does a person normally think of when the word â€Å"yoga† is mentioned? Many will say they immediately think of uncompromising poses that only a young and nubile person could possibly achieve. We will write a custom essay sample on The Benefits of Yoga And Meditation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Others may say that it is a practice that takes years of discipline and patience to acquire. While there may be a bit of truth in both these explanations, Shane Bance wrote an article on the definition of yoga and he defines it this way: Yoga is an ancient Indian body of knowledge that dates back more than 500 years ago. The word Yoga came from the Sanskrit word yuj which means to unite or integrate. Yoga then is about the union of a persons own consciousness and the universal consciousness. (Bance, 2012) Yoga is a blend of postures and breathing techniques that are combined to reduce stress and anxiety. Meditation, at the same time, is also beneficial to relieving stress and creating balance in one’s life. What is Meditation? While a meditative state is a natural outcome of practicing yoga, meditation s defined by The Free Dictionary † is a practice of concentrated focus upon a sound, object, visualization, the breath, movement, or attention itself in order to increase awareness of the present moment, reduce stress, promote relaxation, and enhance personal and spiritual growth† (Farlex, 2013). Although meditation is normally perceived as a spiritual practice, like yoga, it also offers many health benefits. The Benefits of Yoga Yoga combines physical exertion along with mental discipline to achieve a balance between mind and body. There are many benefits to practicing yoga such as improving one’s flexibility, toning muscles and reducing stress. Yoga is even getting the green light from many physicians as an alternative method for their patients suffering from a number of disorders and sports injuries. These disorders range from depression, heart disease, breast cancer, menopause, chronic back pain and even weight loss. Being physically fit, which yoga can accomplish, is as important as being mentally fit by including meditation to a daily routine. The Benefits of Meditation Meditation is a technique used by many as a way to relax mentally and detach from their everyday thoughts and emotions. Many sports enthusiasts and athletes are including meditation as part of their workout to improve concentration. Even though meditation has normally been recognized as a spiritual practice, there are also many health benefits one can enjoy. Health benefits of practicing meditation can include â€Å"lower heart rate, lowered levels of cortisol and lactate two chemicals associated with stress, decreased anxiety and depression, decreased irritability and moodiness and improved learning ability and memory† (Merrifield, 2012). People who practice meditation on a consistent basis claim to sleep better at night and suffer from insomnia less frequently. Consider meditation as a time-out for adults! Yoga and Meditation: A Perfect Union Combining yoga and meditation or yoga meditation, is a beautiful way to relax and de-stress after a long day. The positions of yoga gently stretch the body and then allow your muscles to relax while meditation helps to alleviate the pressures and problems that arise throughout the day. Many people think that yoga and meditation are two different things but the two go hand in hand. Yoga meditation is an exercise program that includes stretching and exercises that use deep breathing to bring peace and tranquility. While it’s true that you can meditate without performing yoga, yoga on the other hand, always involves some form of meditation. Yoga and Meditation Styles There are many different styles, forms and intensities of yoga that one can practice. Yoga is not a one-size-fits-all type of exercise. The beauty of yoga is that anyone at any age, including the elderly, can practice this ancient art. Many gyms are now offering yoga classes to their members as well as yoga-specific studios which are popping up all across the country. Keep in mind that one style is not better than another but rather a personal preference. If taking a class, it’s important that the student is comfortable with the teacher, notably; liking one’s teacher is also true of learning and practicing meditation. Following is a list and short description of yoga styles that have been or are becoming quite popular all over the world. All yoga styles incorporate meditation into them. Ashtanga – This yoga is for those who want a serious and physically demanding workout. â€Å"It involves synchronizing breathing with progressive and continuous series of postures-a process producing intense internal heat and a profuse, purifying sweat that detoxifies muscles and organs†.

The Top 10 Reasons to Consider a Career in Data Science

The Top 10 Reasons to Consider a Career in Data Science â€Å"Data scientist† seems to be the IT job of the moment. But how much of what you’ve heard is hype and conjecture, and how much of it is based on facts?   Usually, when something sounds too good to be true, it probably is. However, the demand for data science is taking the world by storm, and companies – large and small – are clamoring to find employees who can understand and synthesize data, and then communicate these findings in a way that proves beneficial to the company. Below are the top 10 reasons to consider pursuing a career in Data Science. #1 The Job Outlook Don’t expect this bubble to burst anytime soon. According to a report by McKinsey Company, by 2018, the U.S. will have anywhere from 140,000 to 180,000 fewer data scientists than it needs. And the shortage of data science managers is even greater. Roughly 1.5 million data decision-making managers will be needed by 2018. At some point, the frenetic pace at which employers pursue data scientists will slow down, but it won’t happen anytime soon. #2 The Salaries According to an O’Reilly data science salary survey, the annual base salary of U.S.-based survey respondents was $104,000. Robert Half’s tech guide places the range between $109,000 and $153,750. And in the Burtch Works data science salary survey, the median base salary ranges from $97,000 for Level 1 contributors to $152,000 for Level 3 contributors. In addition, median bonuses start at $10,000 for Level 1 contributors. As a point of comparison, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports that lawyers earn a median annual wage of $115,820.   Ã‚   #3 The Management Salaries    Data science managers can earn almost as much – and sometimes more – than doctors. Burtch Works reveals that Level 1 managers earn a median annual base salary of $140,000. Level 2 managers make $190,000, and Level 3 Managers earn $250,000.   And that puts them in pretty good company. According to the BLS, pediatricians, psychiatrists, and internal medicine doctors earn a median annual wage between $226,408 and $245,673. So without years of med school, residencies, and medical debt, you might earn more than the person who holds your life in his/her hands on the operating table. Cool. Scary, but cool.   Ã‚   And when you factor in median annual bonuses, data science managers out-earn many surgeons. Median annual bonuses for Level 1, 2 and 3 managers are $15,000; $39,900; and $80,000, respectively. #4 The Work Options    When you become a data scientist, you can work practically anywhere your heart desires. While 43% of these professionals work on the West Coast, and 28% are in the Northeast, they’re being employed in every region in the country – and abroad. However, you might be interested in knowing that the highest salaries in the U.S. are on the West Coast. And you’re probably not surprised that the technology industry employs the most data scientists, but they also work in other industries ranging from healthcare/pharma to marketing and financial services to consulting firms to retail and CPG industries. In fact, data scientists even work for gaming industries, and 1% work for the government. #5 The Sex Appeal    The prestigious Harvard Business Review hailed data scientist as the sexiest job of the 21st Century. How on earth is that possible? Are data scientists suggestively dangling the data in front of their employers? Are they whispering sweet algorithms in their employer’s ear? No (at least I don’t think so), but some of them work with cool startups, and also mammoth companies like Google, LinkedIn, FaceBook, Amazon, and Twitter. In essence, their sex appeal lies in the fact that everyone wants them, but they’re hard to acquire. #6 The Experience Factor â€Å"Experience† is probably one of the most common words found in a job description, and frankly, companies usually want employees with a ton of it. However, data science is such a relatively new field that Burtch Works reports 40% of data scientists have less than 5 years of experience, and 69% have less than 10 years of experience. So scroll back up to Reason #2: Salaries to match up the wages with the experience levels. Level 1 individual contributors typically have 0-3 years of experience. Level 2 individual contributors usually have 4 to 8 years of experience, and level 3 individual contributors have 9 years of experience.   #7 The Variety of Undergraduate Majors Since data science is such a new major, many colleges are scrambling to create undergraduate degree programs. In the meantime, data scientists hail from an assortment of academic backgrounds, including mathematics/statistics, computer science, engineering, and natural science. Also, some data scientists have degrees in economics, social science, business, and even medical science. #8 The Variety of Education Options If you pursue an online Master’s Degree in Data Science, you don’t have to sit in a classroom all day. You can take courses online from anywhere in the world, with the luxury of studying at your own pace.    #9 The Lack of Competition Not only is there a shortage of data scientists, but professionals in other fields don’t necessarily want to step up to the plate. According to a recent joint report by Robert Half and the  Institute of Management Accountants, employers are looking for accounting and finance candidates who can mine and extract data, identify key data trends, and are adept at statistical modeling and data analysis. But the report reveals that most accounting and finance candidates don’t have any of these skills – in fact, many colleges don’t even teach this level of analytics to students majoring in a financial discipline. #10 The Ease of Job Hunting Because data scientists are in such high demand and the supply is so limited, organizations have recruiters solely dedicated to finding these professionals. While candidates in other fields are harassing recruiters and pestering hiring managers, as a data scientist, you merely need to let it be known that you’re looking for a job . . . or maybe, you’re just thinking about looking for a job. In fact, the need is so dire that even if you already have a job, recruiters will try to lure you away with a better compensation/benefits package. Let the bidding begin.

Proposal Evaluation Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evaluation - Research Proposal Example Hourly rounding stipulates that nurses should perform hourly visits to the patients so as to meet their requirement and document the findings (Olrich, Kalman, & Nigolian, 2012). Evaluation of the study shall be based on the results that will be obtained from the various protocols in the study. The study shall utilise specific protocols that the nurses will check when they go for the hourly round. The checklist shall include an assessment of pain, patient positioning, need for toileting, and the patient asked if there is any other assistance needed. The nurse shall fill in the checklist for any protocol that he/she has provided to the client. This shall be repeated for a period of three months to obtain credible data. While all these are being done on daily routine, the nurse should also note any incidence of patients fall since this is the primary aim of the study. After the study period has elapsed, the data will be analysed critically by assessing the patient outcomes when one hourly rounding was done. The patient outcomes include patient satisfaction with the services being offered and the rate at which the patients get better. Patient perception to care shall also be evaluated as well as patient safety. It will be expected that the patient safety shall increase, which will be evidenced by reduced patient falls as well as reduced call light use (Hill et al., 2011). Long-term evaluation shall involve following up of the customer after discharge to check on the overall outcome of one hourly rounding. The overall inductive reasoning and conclusion may include increased nurse efficiency, staff recognition and continuity of care (Blakley, Kroth, & Gregson, 2011). Hourly rounding may not be the ultimate prevention of falls among patient in the hospital; however, incorporating other strategies is vital to provide a synergy to minimise falls. Use of alarm system has

Interpretive planning Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Interpretive planning - Research Proposal Example in the first section, and in the second section, I have intended to chose one main type of interpretive media from each site as brochures and other Media advertisement strategies in NPA and the online ad placing and feed back forum advertisement in eBay ,and so on, and to assess their effectiveness as interpretive media for the public, and indicate their strengths and weaknesses. When the concept of interpretation is taken it can be explained with two of its attributes as philosophy and theory. Interpretive philosophy. Interpretation in very common term can be seen as just one discipline among many communication disciplines, with each having its own strengths and weaknesses. Our duty is to pick the best in the given. According to Freeman Tilden, who is referred to as the father of interpretation, it is an educational activity that reveals the meaning and relationships by using original objects, first hand experience and illustrative media, rather than simply serving to communicate factual information. To put it in a nutshell ,and assembling all the important elements that forms the keys to successful interpretation is by explaining inter-relationships, enriching visitors' experiences, and interpretation is an ART and not a science. ( Van Matre, 1990 ) When looked upon Philosophy of interpretation , it can be said that it is the parameters in the field interpretive program. As per Tilden interpretation is enrichment for the areas of communication. It can be discussed with three parameters as , (Beck, L & Cable, T 1998) Extension is a process that involves teaching and information flow for a specific outcome of process . Environmental education can be described as the process that helps in recognising values and clarifying concepts ,that would help to develop skills and attitudes necessary to understand and appreciate the interrelatedness among people, their culture and their biophysical surroundings'. Public relations According to Fazio and Gilbert PR could be easily explained as an important mode of communication , whose success in great scale attributes to the managements success. Theory in interpretation-underlying theory is an successful interpretation followed by effective planning helps us to achieve the particular goal. As explained earlier ,interpretation is neither a pure science nor a pure art., so as a result interpretive theory draws on a range of theories with them, with the three main things being, communication, ,recreation theory and the third education theory. (McArthur, S 1998) Communication theory : Communication is the key for any management success and there are different methods and different media whose prime target is to gain empathy with the target public. Recreation theory While communication theory is about 'how' to send the message to the target audience, Recreation theory

Resume a article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Resume a article - Essay Example 83) â€Å"Good Enough† products offer decent quality goods for a rapidly expanding group of value-seeking consumers with mid-level incomes. Any market producer that wishes to enter the Chinese market place must consider the evolving middle class demographic as the battle ground for the future of emerging markets not only in China but across the globe. According to the authors, the Chineses market is divided into three different segments: the premium segment, the low-end segment, and the exponentially expanding middle market or â€Å"Good-Enough† segment. The Chinese middle market has a thirst for gadgets and utility products such as LCD Televisions, DVD Players and MP3 players.(Gadiesh et.al. 2007, p. 83) The Chinese consumer is seeking product function without all the features that can be purchased for a rock bottom price. The key point for start-up companies in the Chinese market is an understanding that the Consumer in these markets is not driven by the products esthetics. Market producers do not need to deliver perfect products to engage the market; they need to deliver good products at a reasonable price. For international companies to establish, sustain or expand their presence in Chineses market, they must focus all efforts on their products’ value. There are three approaches to entering the â€Å"Good –Enough† market which are: attacking from above, burrowing up from below and mergers and acquisitions into the â€Å"Good-Enough† space.(Gadiesh et.al. 2007, p. 83) Burrowing-up is most often over-looked by multi-national corporations. The method is most commonly employed by local market producers who over the course of decades upscale their products from low-end regional products to â€Å"Good-Enough† national brands. Attacking from above is a not so inviting multinational tactic that can sometimes backfire and result in their premium product and market share being cannibalized by their marketing push into the â€Å"Good Enough†

Causes of Air Pollution | The Impact of Air Pollution

Causes of Air Pollution | The Impact of Air Pollution Air pollution is the chemical, particulate, and biological matter that can harm or distress human, living organism, or the natural environment into the atmosphere. In this project, the researcher team studied the causes and effects of the air pollution in the United Arab Emirates and discovered and will discuss the main causes of the pollution and their effects on the environment. Also, some statistics about the percentage of air pollution will be discussed from previous studies in the UAE such as governmental and private statistical data. In addition, solution for protecting the air pollution will be studied in order to have better environment to live in. Additionally, the team will discuss a case study regarding the effects of air pollution in UAE. The goal of the project is to study the cause of the air pollution in UAE and how it can affect the environment. Also, the next goal is to give some solutions that can save the environment and give some awareness in protecting the air pollution. In the past fifty years, UAE had an excessive development in many fields such as buildings, industries, and transportation after oil discovering. Due to the increases of the projects, the air starts getting many pollutants such as dusts, Chemical gases, Carbon Dioxide emissions which led to an increase in the air pollution. Statistics show that the United Arab Emirates is the fourth highest country in Carbon Dioxide emissions between the Arab countries and 32 all over the world. The steady increase in the air pollution can affect the humanity in the short term and long term such as Acid rain and health problem which lead to study the pollution in the region. Limitation In this project, the research team will study the air pollution in the UAE and will not go further to Middle East or the world due to time limitation and amount of work that have been done for the topic. The time period of the research topic will be for the last five years. It is just the industry and civilization has been spread widely in UAE at this period which will be enough for the research time. In addition, the research team will get from previous studies and statistics about air pollution in UAE due to shortage in resources and equipment for the topic. Review of the Literature History of air pollution in UAE The problem relates with the air pollution has been in the UAE since 1958 after discovering the oil field in Abu Dhabi and another one in Dubai 1966. The problem of air pollution start increase steadily after the first industry came in Abu Dhabi 1966 then another one in the Al Ain and Sharjah in 1969.there is many industries can affect enormously in the region. According to the Ministry of Environment and Water in UAE, 6 Industries produced different dangerous chemical organic, 9 industries produces cements which can also affect the air and 2 other industries has been shut down due to violent in regulation and the gas emission. There are now 3593 Industries in UAE as you can see in table below. The most industries are in Jabel Ali Free Zone and the Sharjah Industrial Areas. Cities Abu Dhabi Dubai Sharjah Ajman Um Al Quwain RAK Fujairah Total No of Industries 409 1491 874 493 53 212 61 3593 Percentage 11.38% 41.50% 24.33% 13.72% 1.48% 5.90% 1.70% 100.00% Table : Number of Industries in UAE (UAE Export and Indusry directly, 2010) The number of cars has been increased dramatically for the last 20 years the statistics below show the number of increase in cars in 2009 in Dubai. Type of car Light Vehicles Heavy Vehicles Light Bus Heavy Bus Light Mechanical Vehicles Heavy Mechanical Vehicle Motorcycle Leisure Motorcycle Vehicle for disable TOTAL Number of car 837765 55768 25782 22317 7671 18714 17844 15 4 1021879 Table : Number of car in Dubai 2009 (Dubai statistical centre, 2009) There are really a huge problem with the huge increment of the cars which really cause a huge traffic because statistics show UAE is one of the highest countries in the traffic especially in Dubai and Sharjah which can cause really a huge problem such as the car air pollution. Studies showed that 80% from the air pollution in Dubai came from the emissions of gases from cars. There were many ways to think and start of protecting air pollution. In 1993, Dubai Municipality started putting some of the air quality stations system to protect the gas emissions in the city. Also, in 1993, UAE Federal government imposed some laws in order to prevent the air pollution. As we can see today there are many government organization and many laws that control the area such UAE air control monitoring laws. Causes and effects of air pollution in UAE: The first cause is motor vehicles: Motor vehicles are considered one of the main causes of air pollution, as there is a steady increase in the number of production annually. Moreover, Vehicles have the largest impact on environment. As a result, motor vehicles produce more air pollution. According to statistical report, the population growth was less than the production of motor vehicles, as the population growth was two percent and the motor vehicles production was five percent. In addition, vehicles major cause for air pollution is the static combustion of fossil fuel. Also the smoke produced from the burning of the fuel produces many harmful gases, the main ones are, Carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen oxide (NO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Figure : Air Toxic Emissions from on Road Mobile Source Carbon monoxide: Carbon monoxide is a toxic colorless gas which is emitted from the tail pipe of the car. The reason behind emission such gas into the environment is either the lack of maintained of the vehicle, such as, broken air bumps and dirty filters, or the incomplete combustion of the fuel. Effects: CO toxicity is one of the most fatal air poisoning around the world. Although it is tasteless and colorless, it is high in toxicity. This is because; it combines with hemoglobin forming carboxyhemogoblin, which decreases the efficiency of red blood cells to transfer oxygen to body tissues. Moreover, this process is known as anoxemia. Additionally, small concentrations such as 677 ppm (parts per million) can cause the conversion of more than fifty percent of the bodys hemoglobin to carboxyhemoglobin , which can cause seizure, coma, and fatality. The most common signs of poisoning are such as headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue and a feeling of weakness. Also, it can affect the nervous system, as it can cause confusion, disorientation, visual disturbance, syncope and seizures. Further, it can cause the damage to the heart and the fetus of the pregnant women. Nitrogen Oxide: Nitrogen oxide is one of the most toxic gases which can be produced from the car engines, incomplete combustion of fossil fuel and fertilizers. Effects: The Nitrogen oxides can help in the formation of the acid rain, it is a major factor in global warming, it slows down the growth of plants, it can react with other pollutants; thus, forming more toxic chemicals. Nitrogen oxides effects are nausea, irritated eyes and nose, fluid forming in lungs and tininess of breath. Furthermore, inhaling large amount of Nitrogen oxides can lead to rapid, burning seizure; inflammation of throat; reduced oxygen ingestion; a larger buildup of fluids in lungs; thus death. Nitrogen oxides can interact with aerosols which can cause enormous respiratory problems. As well, Nitrogen oxides can lead to permanent visual impairment in the area affected by it. Sulfur dioxide: Sulfur dioxide is a chemical compound which has the formula of SO2, it is produced when coal and fuel is burned, as fuel and sulfur contains sulfur compounds. Effects: The sulphur dioxide is very dangerous, as it causes breathing problems, such as, alteration in the lungs defences, deterioration in respiratory system and cardiovascular disease. As well, Ones who suffer from asthma, chronic lung and heart disease are the largely sensitive to SO2. Additionally, it can lead to the damage of trees and crops. SO2, by the side of nitrogen oxides, are the major pioneers in formation of acid rain, which causes the acidification of lakes and streams, speed up the corrosion of buildings and reduced visibility. SO2 also contributes in climate change. The second cause is volatile organic compounds: Volatile organic compounds are organic materials that have significant vapor pressure; as a result, it is easy for these organic compounds to evaporate quickly at a very low temperature. Further, some of these gases are considered dangerous on humans health, the environment and the ozone layer. Additionally, the major sources for the VOC are paints, coatings, Chlorofluorocarbons and chlorocarbons. Painting and coatings used in doors emit ethyl acetate, glycol ethers, and acetone, which are very harmful to the human beings health. Additionally, chlorofluorocarbons and chlorocarbons, they are widely used in dry cleaning and the production of fossil fuel. Effects: Certain kinds of VOCs, such as styrene and limonene, can go on with a react ion with nitrogen oxides, or with ozone; thus, producing new oxidation products. Moreover, it can produce secondary aerosols, which can lead to sensory irritation symptoms. What is more, it can cause eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination and nausea, damage to liver, kidney, and central nervous system. Additionally, it can lead to cancer in animals and cancer in humans. The third cause is Deforestation: Deforestation is the removal of forest or a group of tress and then the land is converted to non forest use. There are many reasons regarding deforestation, such as, Urban and Construction Purposes, as they use the wood obtained from trees for building materials, furniture, and paper products. Moreover, Forests are also removed to provide accommodation for escalating urban areas. Furthermore, Forests are removed so that to clear land for growing crops and for grazing cattle. Additionally, trees are used as a source of fuel, as they are converted to charcoal in order to be used in cooking and heating purposes. Effects: Erosion of soil: as the forests are removed, the soil is countenancing the sun, causing dryness to the soil and losing its nutrients. As a result, it will be impossible to cultivate again. Disruption of the Water Cycle: trees helps maintaining the balance of water in the ecosystem, as the trees are removed, the weather gets drier and unhealthy. Flooding and Drought: One of the vital functions of forests is to absorb and store great amounts of water quickly when there are heavy rains. When forests are cut down, this regulation of the flow of water is disrupted, which leads to alternating periods of flood and then drought in the affected area. Climate Change: It is well known that global warming is being caused largely due to emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. However, what is not known quite as well is that deforestation has a direction association with carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. Trees act as a major storage depot for carbon, since they absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which is then used to produce carbohydrates, fats, and proteins that make up trees. When deforestation occurs, many of the trees are burnt or they are allowed to rot, which results in releasing the carbon that is stored in them as carbon dioxide. This, in turn, leads to greater concentrations of carbon. Case study of air Pollution in UAE A case study had been conducted to study the burden of diseases in UAE in long and short terms. There study the Impact of the Particulate Matter (PM) and Ozone (O3) in ambient air and how it going to affect people in the region. The World Health Organization defined that the total death due to Particulate Matter was 200, but didnt report the diseases due to other air pollutants. As results, theses study has been conducted in order to clarify the number disease due to other pollutant. Other status that relate to some effect to people by air such as smoking habit, health care statues, working and living environment are not considered. Firstly, the researcher of this study studied the PM and O3 in UAE as shown in the next two figures. Figure : A contour map show PM concentration in UAE Figure : A contour map show O3 concentration in UAE The next part of the study was to see number of death people in the region due to the between 545 (542 adults and 3 children) has diseases from PM, 209 (208 adults and 1 children) has a dead from it and 162 death from the O3 effects over the past 30 year the next two figures show the percentage of death including some uncertainties. Figure : chart show causes and death by PM Figure : chart show causes and death by O3 Method and discussion: As the research is limited to UAE region, the group was going to allocate sources related to the UAE region. The sources was books, online books, journals and online journals, as the group located some books that discuss the air pollution problems: such as, the major causes of air pollution in UAE and the effects of these causes on the UAE residents. In addition, some of the article had been seen some of the cause and effect in UAE. Also, the researcher team searched and found of some of the air pollution that affected the region. As allocation of credible evidence to the problem is required, the team searched for statistical data such as Chemical element emissions in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. After the group finishes the causes and effects of air pollution allocation, we will suggest solutions that can be implemented for better future and healthier generations. The following table showed that amount of work we did in the Multidisciplinary Projects. In addition, the project chart flow has been included by PRIMAVERA to be more a lear image of the duration of the project which Start from October 13th, 2010 and finished at January 16th, 2011 with total of 98 days. Duration (Days) Activity Description Early Start Early Finish Late Start Late Finish 6 Making the Tasks 13-Oct-10 20-Oct-10 13-Oct-10 20-Oct-10 10 Background of the Topic 21-Oct-10 3-Nov-10 21-Oct-10 3-Nov-10 8 Time Limitation 4-Nov-10 15-Nov-10 4-Nov-10 15-Nov-10 18 Study Cause of Air pollution in UAE 21-Nov-10 14-Dec-10 21-Nov-10 14-Dec-10 18 Case Studies 21-Nov-10 14-Dec-10 28-Nov-10 21-Dec-10 20 Study Effect of Air pollution in UAE 21-Nov-10 16-Dec-10 21-Nov-10 16-Dec-10 10 Statistical Data 22-Dec-10 4-Jan-11 22-Dec-10 4-Jan-11 5 Making Recommendation 5-Jan-11 11-Jan-11 5-Jan-11 11-Jan-11 3 Making Written and Oral Presentation 12-Jan-11 16-Jan-11 12-Jan-11 16-Jan-11 Table : Timeline of the Scheule Figure : A flow Chart of the Project Results In order to know the quality of air in the UAE, statistical data about the amounts of pollutants emissions was retrieved for analysis. However, working with statistical data raises two problems first is accuracy and second reliability. Since, statistical data are collected from samples, it is very important to have both accurate and reliable data if the results were to be generalized over the whole population. To ensure that our data are as accurate and reliable as possible we used governmental statistics center of Abu Dhabi and Dubai to find our results. The results found focuses on the emission of three main pollutants which are Carbon monoxide, Sulfur dioxide and Nitrogen dioxide. Moreover, the results cover two main cities in the UAE, Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Since, the research is limited to five years; the results cover the years 2005 to 2009. Because statistical data need time to be gathered and published by the government, the emission results for the year 2010 were not included in the research. Furthermore, the city of Abu Dhabi was divided into three main areas, main city Abu Dhabi, Al-Ain and Western Region. Dubai, on the other hand, was divided into six main areas, which are Diera, Safa, AlKaramah, Mushrif, Jabel Ali Village and Jabel Ali Port. Analyzing these results will show the exact amounts of pollution in each part, which will help in identifying the areas with the highest pollution levels. Knowing that, the recovery from pollution should be concentrated in these regions. Since, the results cover the last five years; we can know the trends in the emission of pollutants. This helps in identifying the areas were the pollution increases and the rate at which it increases. These results are very important in our research because it focuses our concentration in fewer areas which is more practical. Note that all the pollution levels are found in micrograms per meter cube (mcg/m3) and na means not-available. Carbon monoxide (CO) Abu Dhabi Only available data from 2007 to 2009 2007 2008 2009 Abu Dhabi 5.4 10.5 10.72 Al Ain 5.72 7.9 13.3 Western Region na na na Table : CO emission in Abu Dhabi Dubai 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Deira 1.6 3.4 5.4 9.6 10.9 Safa 1.3 3.6 5.5 8.8 10.8 AlKaramah 1.8 4.2 4.1 1.1 Mushrif Jabel Ali Village Jabel Ali Port Table : CO Emission in Dubai Sulfur dioxide (SO2) Abu Dhabi Only available data from 2007 to 2009 2007 2008 2009 Abu Dhabi 149 173.1 330 Al Ain 86 123.4 31 Western Region 161 124 179 Table : SO2 Emission in Abu Dhabi Dubai 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Deira 0.09 0.017 0.027 0.018 0.006 Safa AlKaramah Mushrif Jabel Ali Village 0.022 0.12 0.024 Jabel Ali Port 0.034 0.021 0.019 0.021 Table : SO2 Emission in Dubai Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Abu Dhabi Only available data from 2007 to 2009 2007 2008 2009 Abu Dhabi 278 187.4 321.0 Al Ain 271 147.2 234 Western Region 192 72.6 289 Table : NO2 Emission in Abu Dhabi Dubai 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Deira 0.492 0.302 0.225 0.113 Safa 0.261 0.091 0.319 0.319 0.063 AlKaramah 0.445 0.306 0.091 Mushrif Jabel Ali Village 0.439 0.306 0.23 0.217 0.067 Jabel Ali Port 0.306 0.306 0.173 0.117 Table : NO2 Emission in Dubai Conclusions and Recommendations Conclusions There is no doubt that air pollution is one of the severe problems that people are facing nowadays and want strongly to get rid of. There is one question that the research team members have asked themselves regularly and the question is Why have we decided to choose the air pollution topic to be our project to talk about in the English 207 course? the answer of this question has been clarified and verified due to the importance of the topic and its widespread facts that the world is concerning about these days. Getting the definition, the causes, the effects of the air pollution, the team has already got in love with the topic of air pollution and strongly wanted to write about it and search about it more to know the real facts beyond this topic. The air pollution is a problem including and concerning each individual in this world. During Industry, combustion of engines, burning coal, smoking and emissions of green gasses are exceeding the limits and increasing the percentage of the air pollution. But as far as the EPA has a group that is concerning with its difficult task to help this polluted air from the humanity risk, the air is getting its freshness and cleanness. Dont you think that it is our mission also to support the EPA group and stop the humanity risk from the air pollution risks, so lets be one hand combing the seriousness of this topic to avoid the risks on this polluted air to be more worse than this. We cannot say that people can eliminate this issue completely because humans industry doesnt finish and his/her greed to get more is increasing day after day disregarding the case of their polluting the air that we are breathing. So, we can minimize this phenomenon by reducing these emissions and polluting factors of the air. Recommendations It is a very crucial step to point out that each project has been done, is being done or will be done is ending with some results. These results are either satisfied with the humans nature or unsatisfied. The project that has been done by our research team shows some results that are unsuitable for the human beings, this environment and also to a very important kind of humanity which is the humanity resources. Nobody can deny that air pollution has severe problems on humans environment and can perfectly damage humans life. What is remaining of this damaged environment and this polluted air that we are breathing? People are keeping in resolving their faults and they are in anxiety to keep this environment clean to be proper to live in. In fact, the results of the project are followed by some recommendations created or found by the research team to show how to keep a good humanity environment and having good humanity resources. As it has been shown that most of the natural resources an d also humans are affected by the air pollution and this has been shown in this project in the term of effects of air pollution on humanity. The mankind can cause a lot of destruction to himself/herself and can reduce a lot of this destruction he/she has done. It is obligatory and a crucial task for anyone of us to keep this environment clean to live in and to let others live in in a proper way. To reduce these effects on humanity, the research team has done some kind of suggestions and recommendations that could properly reduce the effects of the causes of the air pollution as follows: *Steps to reduce the level of Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide and other green gasses causing air pollution: Doing a regular vehicle maintenance and this to reduce the percentage of the Carbon Monoxide and Dioxide coming out of the cars exhaust. Reducing the percentage of burning trash and coal which are producing most of the Carbon Dioxide and then affecting the Ozone layer and increasing the percentage of the Acid rain. Reducing the Green house Gas emissions including water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides, and other harmful gasses causing the temperature increasing and then the global warming. Trying hard and putting all efforts to use the clean renewable and non polluting sources. Getting help from engineers to invent new technologies that are friendly to the environment such as the solar car that is powered and used in many cities nowadays. The solar cars could perfectly decrease the percentage of the emissions of either the Carbon Monoxide or Carbon Dioxide that are produced from millions of regular combustion cars engines. The most important is to stop smoking in order to decrease the Carbon Monoxide in the air. Also, people can use recycled products in order to decrease the global warming in the world. Following the EPA rules (Environmental Protection Agency). The EPA has done a lot of steps in the case of reducing the air pollution following the steps shown above. The EPA has proved that the air pollution is still growing by 10% even the steps are followed. The most important thing that could be done by the human himself/herself is warning people regarding the enormous bad effects of the air pollution. Also, they can give some lectures that advising people to reduce the percentage of the air pollution through some statistically and theoretically useful data, lectures and workshops. References: [1] Statistical Yearbook of Abu Dhabi 2010,Statictics centre Abu Dhabi, January 2011. [2] Ying Li et al., Burden of disease attributed to anthropogenic air pollution in the United Arab Emirates: Estimates based on observed air quality data,Science of the Total Environment, vol. 408, no. 2010, pp. 5784 5793, August 2010. [3] (2010, July) UAE Export and Directly. [Online]. HYPERLINK http://www.uaeexportdirectory.com/en/ResultStat.aspx http://www.uaeexportdirectory.com/en/ResultStat.aspx [4] (2010, December) Air Pollution Indicators at Monitoring Sites Emirate of Dubai. Pdf File. [5] (2010, October) Enviremntal Preotection Agency. [Online]. HYPERLINK http://www.epa.gov/ http://www.epa.gov/ [6] (2010, November) Intelligent Life of Deforestation. [Online]. HYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/causes-and-effects-of-deforestation.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/causes-and-effects-of-deforestation.html [7] (2009, Febraury) Sulphur Dioxide (SO2). [Online]. HYPERLINK http://www.airqualityontario.com/science/pollutants/sulphur.cfm http://www.airqualityontario.com/science/pollutants/sulphur.cfm [8] (2007, April) Agency for toxic subtances and Diease Registry. [Online]. HYPERLINK http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts175.html http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts175.html [9] (2010, July) Ministry of Enviromental and Water. [Online]. HYPERLINK http://www.moew.gov.ae/Ar/InformationCenter/Pages/ManufacturesGuide.aspx http://www.moew.gov.ae/Ar/InformationCenter/Pages/ManufacturesGuide.aspx

Hamlet and Horatio Essay -- Essays on Shakespeare Hamlet

Hamlet and Horatio      Ã‚   Horatio holds the seat of honor in Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet, for being the only character among the dramatis personae who is extremely close to the protagonist. Horatio’s emotional bond with the hero is paradoxically closer than that of Hamlet’s mother to the hero. This essay will examine the character of Horatio, Hamlet’s truest friend.    D.G. James’ essay, â€Å"The New Doubt,† explains the hero’s passionate admiration of Horatio:    But we must remark how Hamlet speaks of Horatio; he does so in words of passionate admiration. His election had sealed Horatio for himself because in suffering all, Horatio suffered nothing; and it is the man who is not passion’s slave whom he would wear in his heart’s core. How clearly he would be like Horatio! And yet, in the face of what has happened, ought he to be like Horatio? or ought he not to take up arms against his troubles, and violently end them and perhaps thereby himself? (45)    In the Introduction to Twentieth Century Interpretations of Hamlet, David Bevington shows insight into Horatio’s character:    However much Horatio’s philosophic skepticism may limit his own ability to perceive those â€Å"things in heaven and earth† that Hamlet would have him observe, Horatio remains the companion from whom Hamlet has most to learn. Hamlet can trust his friend not to angle for advancement, or to reveal the terrible secret of royal murder. Best of all, Horatio is â€Å"As one in suff’ring all that suffers nothing, A man that Fortune’s buffets and rewards Hast ta’en with equal thanks.†[. . .] Like Hamlet, Horatio believes that death is a felicity, and even tries to take his own life. Yet he accepts his duty â€Å"in this harsh worldly success as well ... ..., 1992.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html    West, Rebecca. â€Å"A Court and World Infected by the Disease of Corruption.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Court and the Castle. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1957.    Wilkie, Brian and James Hurt. â€Å"Shakespeare.† Literature of the Western World. Ed. Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992.    Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. â€Å"Hamlet: A Man Who Thinks Before He Acts.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Ed. Louis B. Wright and Virginia A. LaMar. N. p.: Pocket Books, 1958.